Substandard Foreign Goods in China
在中国不合标准的外国商品– September 21, 2020
翻译： 珍珠
The Western media inform us on a regular basis about cheap products sent to the world from China, and about the substandard and even dangerous content of some of them. Lead in paint, melamine in dog food, chemicals in drywall, glycol in toothpaste. We can be forgiven for thinking this is a one-way street, but the story has another side which the Western media cover with a blanket of silence. China is the victim of far more defective and toxic products, or prohibited goods, from the West, particularly the US, than it sends outward. Westerners may find this difficult to believe because this news is almost always censored in the US.
西方媒体定期向我们通报从中国运往世界的廉价产品，以及其中一些不合格甚至危险的内容。油漆中的铅，狗粮中的三聚氰胺，干墙中的化学品，牙膏中的乙二醇。我们认为这是一条单行道，这是可以原谅的，但这个故事还有另一面，西方媒体对此保持沉默。中国是来自西方，特别是美国的缺陷和有毒产品或违禁品的受害者，远远多于其向外出口的产品。西方人可能会觉得这很难相信，因为这条新闻在美国几乎总是受到审查。
Modern Chinese consumers had initially developed trust in foreign goods from sophisticated marketing that implied Western brands and products were well-made and of high quality, and were expensive for a reason. That trust proved itself startlingly unjustified. Sales in China of foreign products had been growing at high rates until the revelations that many foreign companies and brands had so many severe quality problems that foreign goods were normally substandard. So many foreign firms have been repeatedly caught and charged, and fined, for transgressions, but their profits had been high enough to continue their illegal practices. It was an astonishingly short-sighted policy since, for an increasing number of American firms, 50% or more of their operating profits were originating in China. In several recent years, 50% of the operating profits of US-based Yum Brands’ came from mainland China, as opposed to 32% from the US, and I’ve noted elsewhere that General Motors and a number of other US companies would be bankrupt if not for their China sales. Even many US educational institutions are surviving only because of new money from Chinese students. Yet they all approached China with what appeared to be a fatally-short time horizon and stupidly decided to milk Chinese consumers as hard and fast as possible, and in every way possible. It didn’t seem to occur to any of them that their short-sightedness, coupled with an uninhibited greed, might one day be fatal.
现代中国消费者最初通过复杂的营销对外国商品产生了信任，这意味着西方品牌和产品制作精良，质量上乘，价格昂贵是有原因的。事实证明，这种信任毫无道理。外国产品在中国的销售额一直在高速增长，直到许多外国公司和品牌出现如此严重的质量问题，以至于外国产品通常不合格。许多外国公司多次因违法行为被抓住、指控和罚款，但它们的利润高到足以继续其非法行为。这是一项令人惊讶的短视政策，因为对于越来越多的美国公司来说，50%或更多的营业利润来自中国。近年来，总部位于美国的百胜餐饮集团50%的营业利润来自中国大陆，而32%来自美国。我在其他地方注意到，如果不是因为在中国的销售，通用汽车和其他一些美国公司将破产。即使是许多美国教育机构也仅仅因为中国学生的新资金而得以生存。然而，他们都是在看似极短的时间内接近中国的，并愚蠢地决定以尽可能快的速度、尽可能多的方式压榨中国消费者。他们中的任何人似乎都没有想到，他们的短视加上无拘无束的贪婪，有一天可能会致命。
Given the high profits originating in China, one would assume these firms would treat their Chinese customers with some consideration – if not respect – but the opposite is normally the case. Most foreign firms resident in China treat the country as a third-rate market, reserving their substandard goods for the China market and charging much higher prices in China than in the West for the same goods – which are mostly manufactured in China and should cost much less. Foreign firms had for years been treated leniently and even gently by the Chinese government, given substantial tax breaks and preferential treatment, yet they proceeded to break every manner of domestic law and generally treated China and their Chinese consumers with arrogance and open contempt. In China, many of these firms act with an almost complete lawlessness. Some firms that were forced to remove toxic or substandard consumer products from the US or Europe, would ship them to China for sale here. Sony, Toshiba, P & G, Volkswagen, and other multinationals have been accused of just such practices. The extent of substandard clothing imported by foreign multinationals has become an epidemic with at least 20%, and often 60%, of shipments failing to meet minimum standards. Chinese Customs now inspect every shipment and destroy all substandard goods.
考虑到源自中国的高利润，人们会认为这些公司会对他们的中国客户给予一些考虑——如果不是尊重的话——但通常情况恰恰相反。大多数居住在中国的外国公司将中国视为三流市场，将不合格的商品保留给中国市场，并对同样的商品在中国收取比西方高得多的价格——这些商品大多在中国制造，成本应该低得多。多年来，外国公司一直受到中国政府的宽大甚至温和的对待，给予了大量的税收减免和优惠待遇，但他们却违反了各种国内法，普遍以傲慢和公开的蔑视态度对待中国及其中国消费者。在中国，许多这样的公司几乎完全无法无天。一些被迫从美国或欧洲移除有毒或不合格消费品的公司会将其运往中国在这里销售。索尼（Sony）、东芝（Toshiba）、宝洁（P&G）、大众（Volkswagen）和其他跨国公司都被指控存在此类行为。外国跨国公司进口的不合格服装已经成为一种流行病，至少有20%，通常是60%的货物达不到最低标准。中国海关现在检查每一批货物，并销毁所有不合格的货物。
Clothing manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers everywhere have problems with returned items or stock that is unattractive, dated, perhaps soiled from customer try-ons, left-overs from last year’s fashions, and just items that nobody wanted to buy. All firms try to take advantage of multiple locations to deal with these problems, and to escape their mistakes. Stock that doesn’t sell in one location might sell in another district or another city. But now Western firms have a new option: send it all to China – the world’s new dumping ground.
世界各地的服装制造商、批发商和零售商都有退回的商品或库存问题，这些商品或库存不吸引人，过时了，可能是顾客试穿时弄脏的，是去年时尚遗留下来的，而且只是没人想买的商品。所有公司都试图利用多个地点来处理这些问题，并逃避他们的错误。没有在一个地方卖出的股票可能会在另一个地区或另一个城市卖出。但现在西方公司有了一个新的选择：将其全部运往中国——世界上新的倾销地。
In Shanghai we have a huge shopping center known as an “Outlet Mall”, a high-class center consisting of many attractive low-rise buildings covering a large area, with shops carrying only major foreign brands, virtually every foreign brand you’ve ever heard of, and some you probably don’t know. It is presented to the public as a “50% discount mall”, but disappointingly is no such thing. In almost every store, the stock consisted of items that were dated, unattractive, out of fashion, or simply simply rejected in North America or Europe, in large part goods that were several fashion years old. It was only too apparent the executives of these brands had gathered their left-over fashion trash from the US, Europe and Japan, and dumped it all into China. And even at “50% off”, the stock was still priced two or three times higher than it would have been in the US or Europe. As one example I saw a pair of blue jeans of an expensive ‘luxury’ brand that appeared to have been either sold or tried on dozens of times and that I could document as a style from three years prior, priced at more than 1,000 RMB, twice the original new price. Following this trend, Nike advertised plans to open up to 50 new “self-supporting factory stores” in China to “dispose of inventory” and “clear stock”, stores that will most assuredly be used to dump Nike’s left-over worldwide junk into China.
在上海，我们有一个被称为 “奥特莱斯购物中心 “的大型购物中心，这是一个由许多漂亮的低层建筑组成的高级购物中心，占地面积很大，店内只出售主要的外国品牌，几乎所有你听说过的外国品牌都有，有些你可能还不知道。它向公众展示的是一个 “五折购物中心”，但令人失望的是，根本就不是那么回事。几乎每家商店的存货都是过时的、不吸引人的、不流行的，或者在北美或欧洲根本不受欢迎的商品，其中很大一部分都是几年前流行的商品。很明显，这些品牌的高管们把他们从美国、欧洲和日本剩下的时尚垃圾集中起来，全部倒进了中国。即使是 “五折”，其价格仍比在美国或欧洲高出两三倍。例如，我看到一条昂贵的 “奢侈 “品牌蓝色牛仔裤，似乎已经被卖过或试穿过几十次，我可以证明它是三年前的款式，售价超过 1000 元人民币，是原新款价格的两倍。顺应这一趋势，耐克宣传计划在中国开设多达 50 家新的 “自营工厂店”，以 “处理库存 “和 “清理存货”。这些商店肯定会被用来向中国倾销耐克在全球范围内剩下的垃圾。
On a daily basis, products manufactured in the US or other Western countries for sale in the West are discovered to have major defects or to be substandard or even toxic. Often, when that discovery is made and those products cannot be sold in the West due to government regulations or excessive warranty claims, they are gathered up and shipped to China for sale in the China market. Some years ago, Toshiba produced some lines of new products that had major flaws, and in the end had to pay out more than $1 billion in settlements to its US customers. Instead of repairing (or destroying) all those defective products, Toshiba shipped them to China for sale there. Sony did the same; after discovering manufacturing defects in millions of Japanese-made cameras on sale in the US and Europe, Sony withdrew the goods and shipped them to China for sale in the China market.
每天，在美国或其他西方国家生产并在西方销售的产品都被发现存在重大缺陷或不合格甚至有毒。通常，当发现这些产品时，由于政府规定或过度保修索赔，这些产品无法在西方销售，它们会被收集起来运往中国，在中国市场销售。几年前，东芝生产了一些有重大缺陷的新产品，最终不得不向其美国客户支付超过10亿美元的和解金。东芝没有修理（或销毁）所有这些有缺陷的产品，而是将它们运到中国销售。索尼也这么做了；在发现在美国和欧洲销售的数百万台日本制造的相机存在制造缺陷后，索尼撤回了这些产品，并将其运往中国，在中国市场销售。
As well, many Western companies, including Apple, Sony, Panasonic, and many of the so-called “luxury brands” like Louis Vuitton, have been frequently accused of selling reconditioned or repaired items in China as new stock. An employee of one luxury brand acknowledged it is a routine practice for their stores in China to put repaired goods back on the shelves. “The shopkeepers are told to deliberately change the serial code of a returned item and make it look new.” In 2012, a lawsuit was filed in Beijing court on behalf of customers who bought “new” iphones for RMB 5,000 ($780) each at the Apple retail store in Beijing’s Xidan Street. On examination, the iphones proved to have been refurbished used items. Often, foreign firms in China simply refuse to deal with their defective products. Unlike their ‘customer first’ behavior in the West, these same firms in China either flatly refuse to provide replacement or compensation, or make the process impossibly difficult. They deny the existence of a defect or their responsibility for it, often flatly refuse refunds or replacements, and otherwise prolong warranty claims for months or even years until the customers lose hope and abandon the process. In Beijing, Ricky Zhang was furious when the locks broke on her LV luggage, since she’d spent 20,000 yuan ($3,200) on the item only a month before. Zhang wanted the bag replaced, but was told the shop was responsible only for sales. After a month’s wait, she was told the item could be repaired in three months, and that insisting on a replacement would require a difficult and time-consuming application to the Chinese government’s Quality Supervision Authorities for “an official review”. Even with media exposure, the brand defended its procedures and claimed it was providing “a standardized service”.
此外，许多西方公司，包括苹果、索尼、松下，以及路易威登等许多所谓的“奢侈品牌”，经常被指控在中国将翻新或修理过的物品作为新库存出售。一家奢侈品牌的员工承认，他们在中国的商店将维修过的商品重新上架是惯例。“店主们被告知要故意更改退货商品的序列号，使其看起来像新的。”2012年，在北京西单街的苹果零售店以每台5000元（合780美元）的价格购买“新”iPhone的顾客向北京法院提起诉讼。经检查，这些iphone被证明是翻新过的旧物品。通常，在中国的外国公司只是拒绝处理他们的缺陷产品。与西方的“客户至上”行为不同，中国的这些公司要么断然拒绝提供替代或补偿，要么让这一过程变得异常困难。他们否认存在缺陷或对此负责，经常断然拒绝退款或更换，并以其他方式将保修索赔延长数月甚至数年，直到客户失去希望并放弃这一过程。在北京，瑞奇·张（Ricky Zhang）的LV行李锁坏了，她非常愤怒，因为她一个月前才花了2万元（3200美元）买了这件行李。张想换包，但被告知该店只负责销售。经过一个月的等待，她被告知该产品可以在三个月内修复，坚持更换需要向中国政府质量监督部门申请“官方审查”，这既困难又耗时。即使有媒体曝光，该品牌仍为其程序辩护，并声称其提供了“标准化服务”。
Shanghai’s port receives more than 30,000 shipments of imported clothes every year, the value of which accounts for more than 40 percent of the country’s total clothing imports. During the past ten years in Shanghai alone, at least 20% of all foreign clothing shipped to China, or placed on sale in Chinese shops, has failed government testing and discovered to be substandard or defective. In many cases, 60% of an entire shipment was substandard and had to be returned or destroyed, or withdrawn from sale, often repeatedly shipped by the same foreign brands. Clothes imported from some of the world top luxury brands, such as Hermes and Versace, have routinely proven to be substandard in quality control tests. The so-called ‘luxury brands’ are often the worst at shipping their substandard goods, those contaminated or failing quality control tests, to China. At one point, authorities collected samples from department stores and boutiques in many cities, and found such a high proportion of defective foreign “luxury products” that retailers were fined, and ordered to withdraw all foreign goods from their shelves. Many of these companies are such frequent offenders they are placed on the government’s ‘black list’, where no products will pass customs without a full examination at their expense, a severe restriction to be sure, but one that appears to produce no meaningful change. These companies are all recidivist; they are no sooner removed from the black list than they revert to their former practices and find themselves on the black list again.
上海口岸每年接收3万多件进口服装，其价值占全国服装进口总额的40%以上。仅在过去的十年里，上海就有至少20%的运往中国或在中国商店销售的外国服装未通过政府检测，被发现不合格或有缺陷。在许多情况下，整批货物中有60%不合格，必须退回或销毁，或停止销售，通常是由同一外国品牌重复发货。从一些世界顶级奢侈品牌进口的衣服，如爱马仕和范思哲，在质量控制测试中经常被证明不合格。所谓的“奢侈品牌”往往最不善于将不合格的商品，即被污染或未通过质量控制测试的商品运往中国。有一次，当局从许多城市的百货公司和精品店收集了样本，发现有缺陷的外国“奢侈品”比例如此之高，以至于零售商被罚款，并被责令下架所有外国商品。这些公司中的许多都是如此频繁的违规者，他们被列入了政府的“黑名单”，在黑名单中，如果没有由他们承担费用的全面检查，任何产品都不会通过海关，这是一个严格的限制，但似乎没有产生任何有意义的变化。这些公司都是累犯；他们刚被从黑名单上除名，就又回到了以前的做法，发现自己又上了黑名单。
The problem has become endemic of foreign firms shipping their substandard clothing to China from the US or Europe, or manufacturing in China and exporting the good products while reserving the substandard goods for sale in China, that local authorities now examine every shipment of so-called luxury goods entering the country. Market regulators in China have consistently reported numerous quality problems with high-end clothes of the more expensive brands including Burberry, Armani, Chanel and Dior, Hermes and Versace, Dolce & Gabbana, Paul & Shark, Trussardi, Hugo Boss, Ralph Lauren, Fendi, and Lacoste Garments by all these well-known brand names have proven on examination to be substandard. Brands including Louis Vuitton, Hugo Boss and Dolce & Gabbana have more than once been caught selling substandard shoes in China, and authorities in Zhejiang have destroyed thousands of pairs of expensive shoes because of serious quality problems. Many Western luxury products on sale in China are labeled by the companies as being made overseas, while they are actually produced in China, then sent to an overseas destination (or even just a Chinese export zone) for final adjustment or packaging, a practice clearly intended only to deceive the consumer. With these products then wearing foreign-made labels, Chinese consumers are unable to discern the origin or real quality of the product.
外国公司将不合格的服装从美国或欧洲运往中国，或者在中国制造并出口好产品，同时保留不合格的商品在中国销售，这一问题已经普遍存在，地方当局现在会检查每一批进入中国的所谓奢侈品。中国市场监管机构一直报告，包括巴宝莉（Burberry）、阿玛尼（Armani）、香奈儿（Chanel）和迪奥（Dior）、爱马仕（Hermes）和范思哲（Versace）、杜嘉班纳（Dolce&Gabbana）、保罗与鲨鱼（Paul&Shark）、特鲁萨迪（Trussardi）、雨果·波斯（Hugo Boss）、拉夫·劳伦（Ralph Lauren）、芬迪（Fendi。路易威登（Louis Vuitton）、雨果·波斯（Hugo Boss）和杜嘉班纳（Dolce&Gabbana）等品牌不止一次在中国销售不合格的鞋子，浙江当局也因严重的质量问题销毁了数千双昂贵的鞋子。许多在中国销售的西方奢侈品被这些公司贴上了海外制造的标签，而它们实际上是在中国生产的，然后被送往海外目的地（甚至只是中国的出口区）进行最终调整或包装，这种做法显然只是为了欺骗消费者。由于这些产品贴上了外国制造的标签，中国消费者无法辨别产品的原产地或真实质量。
The lower-cost popular brands are not better in any respect, brands such as Zara, Disney, Folli Follie, Anna Sui, The North Face, Nike, Puma, Adidas, Marks & Spencer, Diesel, have all experienced quality recalls. And it isn’t as if these are low-cost or discounted goods. Even the most basic foreign-branded items are expensive in China, with a simple $10 cotton T-shirt priced at $50, leading one to expect a high-quality product which is almost never offered. One of the worst offenders is Nike, who, in a long string of fraudulent activities, was recently fined almost US$1 million for fraudulent promotion and false advertising, selling an inferior product as a premium one. Large numbers of other Nike products, including men’s and women’s shoes, have been discovered to be substandard and were removed from sale. Often the distributors and retailers are fined, but American companies often subcontract their manufacturing and so cleverly craft their legal entities as virtual shell corporations, that the actual corporation has no legal existence in the country, and few or no assets.
成本较低的流行品牌在任何方面都不好，Zara、迪士尼、Folli Follie、Anna Sui、The North Face、耐克、彪马、阿迪达斯、Marks&Spencer、Diesel等品牌都经历过质量召回。而且这些并不是低成本或折扣商品。即使是最基本的外国品牌商品在中国也很贵，一件10美元的棉质T恤售价50美元，这让人们期待着一款几乎从未提供过的高质量产品。耐克是最严重的违规者之一，在一系列欺诈活动中，他最近因欺诈性促销和虚假广告，将劣质产品作为优质产品出售，被罚款近100万美元。耐克的许多其他产品，包括男鞋和女鞋，都被发现不合格，并被下架销售。分销商和零售商经常被罚款，但美国公司经常将其制造分包出去，并如此巧妙地将其法律实体打造成虚拟空壳公司，以至于实际的公司在该国没有合法存在，资产很少或根本没有。
The quality faults are substantial in number and kind, including color fastness, dangerous and illegal dyes, excessive formaldehyde, high pH index, improper labeling, and toxic coatings. The chemical flaws are perhaps the most serious, much foreign clothing commonly containing hormone-disrupting toxins which interfere with human sexual development by simulating estrogen and which can be lethal. These man-made chemicals are so stable that they are difficult to remove from the environment, and tend to concentrate in drinking water and the higher levels of the food chain, and ultimately in human blood and breast milk, making them exceedingly dangerous for pregnant women and young mothers.
质量缺陷在数量和种类上都很严重，包括色牢度、危险和非法染料、甲醛超标、pH指数高、标签不当和有毒涂料。化学缺陷可能是最严重的，许多外国服装通常含有破坏激素的毒素，这些毒素通过模拟雌激素干扰人类的性发育，可能致命。这些人造化学物质非常稳定，很难从环境中去除，而且往往集中在饮用水和食物链的更高层次，最终集中在人体血液和母乳中，这对孕妇和年轻母亲来说非常危险。
Flaws due to substandard manufacturing are a constant headache, largely due to the firms’ quality control scams, reserving goods with defects for sale in China. The flaws are not always immediately obvious and these products appear to present no danger, so are often overlooked by government investigators and thus remain on the shelves for purchase by trusting customers. As mentioned above, these can often be returned or repaired items that are sold as new, but most often simply contain manufacturing defects, goods that would normally be sold at high discounts in the West. But the problems are greater than this, with at least some foreign luxury brands manufacturing entirely different levels of goods. At a Coach store in Shanghai, a friend recently purchased an expensive leather handbag that, on cursory examination, proved to be made of plastic. She was of course horrified, but the shop persisted in its claim of leather. Another friend purchased an expensive Cartier watch, only to be later charged 600 yuan ($120) for a replacement battery on the grounds that a non-Cartier battery would destroy her new watch. Having no recourse, she paid, but both ladies, and many of their friends, are done with Coach and Cartier forever.
制造不合格导致的缺陷一直是一个令人头疼的问题，主要是由于这些公司的质量控制骗局，即保留有缺陷的商品在中国销售。缺陷并不总是立即明显，而且这些产品似乎没有危险，因此经常被政府调查人员忽视，因此通过信任客户可以在货架上购买。如上所述，这些产品通常可以作为新产品退货或维修，但大多数情况下只包含制造缺陷，这些产品在西方通常会以高折扣出售。但问题远不止于此，至少一些外国奢侈品牌生产的商品水平完全不同。在上海的一家Coach商店，一位朋友最近买了一个昂贵的皮包，粗略检查一下，证明是塑料做的。她当然吓坏了，但这家商店坚持要求提供皮革。另一位朋友买了一块昂贵的卡地亚手表，后来却被收取了600元（120美元）的更换电池费，理由是非卡地亚电池会毁掉她的新手表。由于没有追索权，她付了钱，但两位女士和她们的许多朋友都永远不再和Coach和Cartier在一起了。
On the subject of fake goods, Jack Ma of Alibaba made an exceedingly important point in an interview in June of 2016 when he stated that often the so-called ‘fake goods’ are of equal or higher quality than the originals. He was telling the truth, but the Western media did their best to trash him and discredit his comments to protect their own high-priced channels. It often occurs that a factory in China will fill an order for 100,000 pairs of high-brand blue jeans or some such, but will necessarily over-produce to provide for the flaws. But sometimes there are no flaws and the brand will not pay for the excess production, so the factory will resell these goods through their own channels rather than absorb the loss. I’m not sure I can fault them. The factory often has no choice but to over-produce since shortages can incur a penalty, but has no recourse on the other side. Further, many of these factories are able to produce the highest level of goods to satisfy even the most critical purchaser, and take advantage of those skills to manufacture their own products, some of which will be very similar to the OEM goods they make on contract. Typically, the quality of these items is equal to, and sometimes even superior to, that of any luxury brand, a situation the foreign brands find distressing and try to kill. This is the source of most of the attacks on Alibaba by foreign brands, not that they are ‘fakes’ in any sense of the meaning of that word, but are in fact genuine and often of higher quality. The real issue is an intent to intimidate, if not terrify, all and sundry to stay far away from the international brands so as to limit any competition. It is true there are some firms who make copies of branded products to sell as genuine, but this is a rapidly-disappearing trade and should of course be stamped out.
关于假货问题，阿里巴巴的马云在2016年6月的一次采访中提出了一个极其重要的观点，他表示，所谓的“假货”往往与正品质量相同或更高。他说的是实话，但西方媒体尽最大努力诋毁他，抹黑他的言论，以保护他们自己的高价频道。通常情况下，中国的一家工厂会完成10万条名牌蓝色牛仔裤或诸如此类的订单，但一定会过度生产以弥补缺陷。但有时没有瑕疵，品牌也不会为多余的生产买单，所以工厂会通过自己的渠道转售这些商品，而不是吸收损失。我不确定我能不能责怪他们。工厂通常别无选择，只能过度生产，因为短缺可能会导致罚款，但另一方没有追索权。此外，这些工厂中的许多能够生产最高水平的商品，即使是最关键的买家也能满足他们的需求，并利用这些技能制造自己的产品，其中一些产品与他们签订合同生产的OEM商品非常相似。通常，这些商品的质量与任何奢侈品牌的质量相当，有时甚至优于任何奢侈品牌，外国品牌对此感到痛苦，并试图扼杀这种情况。这是外国品牌对阿里巴巴的大多数攻击的来源，并不是说它们在任何意义上都是“赝品”，而是事实上是正品，而且往往质量更高。真正的问题是意图恐吓（如果不是恐吓的话）所有人远离国际品牌，以限制任何竞争。确实有一些公司复制品牌产品以作为正品销售，但这是一种迅速消失的行业，当然应该被取缔。
Another consistent fault uncovered by local authorities is deceptive labeling by most foreign brands, with innumerable cases of false or misleading fiber content. Almost all of the well-known international brands are regularly discovered to contain less fiber content than claimed on their product labels in China, often claiming an 80% content of cotton or wool when testing reveals the actual content to be perhaps half that. There is no possibility these are errors; every company knows precisely the fiber content of its fabrics.
地方当局发现的另一个一贯错误是大多数外国品牌的欺骗性标签，其中有无数虚假或误导性的纤维含量。几乎所有知名的国际品牌都经常被发现纤维含量低于其在中国的产品标签上所宣称的含量，通常声称棉花或羊毛的含量为80%，而测试显示实际含量可能只有其一半。这些不可能是错误；每家公司都精确地知道其织物的纤维含量。
In one case, Hermes executives stated, “It is undeniable that we have made some mistakes in labeling …” No. There are no labeling mistakes here. Every company knows precisely what it produces and no famous brand has quality-control managers who mistakenly affix a label stating ‘100% silk’ on a product that is 50% acetate. All such events are deliberate frauds.
在一个案例中，爱马仕高管表示，“不可否认，我们在标签上犯了一些错误……”不。这里没有标签错误。每家公司都清楚自己生产的产品，没有哪个著名品牌的质量控制经理会错误地在50%乙酸盐的产品上贴上“100%丝绸”的标签。所有这些事件都是蓄意欺诈。
This problem had become so widespread and serious, the Chinese government passed a new series of laws stipulating substantial fines, and providing for compensation to consumers, for any retailers knowingly (and it’s almost all knowingly) selling defective products. These penalties are severe if the products cause health problems. The Chairman of a commercial association in Wenzhou, a major manufacturing area, supported the stiffer punishments, stating that, “Despite repeated bans [black lists], safety incidents caused by intentional contamination … did not stop. An increased penalty will work as a warning sign and is essential.” The regulations will also place an onus on distributors to accept responsibility for their products, forcing them to return substandard items to their suppliers, and celebrities will also be held liable for endorsing substandard products or participating in false advertising. This will also apply to firms like advertising agencies who craft the many misleading promotions, since the law stipulates that any “social group, organisation or individual” who endorses substandard products will share the responsibility. Celebrity endorsements are peculiarly American pathology that has been unfortunately transferred to China, a powerful one, since many consumers will purchase a product solely on the apparent testimony of a celebrity, creating a clear causal relationship. 这个问题已经变得如此普遍和严重，中国政府通过了一系列新的法律，规定对任何故意（几乎都是故意）销售缺陷产品的零售商处以巨额罚款，并向消费者提供赔偿。如果产品造成健康问题，这些处罚是严厉的。主要制造业地区温州的一家商业协会主席支持更严厉的处罚，他表示，“尽管一再禁止[黑名单]，但故意污染造成的安全事件……并没有停止。增加处罚将起到警示作用，这一点至关重要。”。“这些规定还将规定经销商有责任为其产品承担责任，迫使他们将不合格的产品退还给供应商，名人也将因代言不合格产品或参与虚假广告而承担责任。这也将适用于广告公司等策划许多误导性促销的公司，因为法律规定承认任何认可不合格产品的“社会团体、组织或个人”都将承担责任。名人代言是美国特有的病态，不幸的是，这种病态已经转移到了中国，这是一种强大的病态，因为许多消费者只会根据名人的明显证词购买产品，从而产生了明显的因果关系。
Japanese Electronics
日本电子
For many years, Toshiba had held a prized first place in China’s laptop computer market, an enviable position the company managed to destroy in less than a year. Toshiba had produced a laptop, primarily for the US market, one with serious design flaws which the company persisted in denying, leading to massive lawsuits and a settlement that totaled well over US$ 1 billion. Media reports were that Toshiba apparently sent these recalled defects for sale in China where the company refused any compensation beyond software patches. Countless thousands of incensed Chinese customers returned their defective computers, demanding full refunds, and the company’s sales collapsed nationwide, never to recover. Toshiba has virtually disappeared from the Chinese market. Incredibly, the company then issued a statement claiming it considered China “a crucial market” and remained committed to expanding in China.
多年来，东芝一直在中国笔记本电脑市场占据着宝贵的第一位，该公司在不到一年的时间里就摧毁了这一令人羡慕的地位。东芝生产的笔记本电脑主要面向美国市场，其中存在严重的设计缺陷，该公司一直否认这一缺陷，导致了大规模诉讼和总额远超10亿美元的和解。媒体报道称，东芝显然将这些召回的缺陷送往中国销售，该公司拒绝在软件补丁之外给予任何赔偿。成千上万愤怒的中国客户退回了他们有缺陷的电脑，要求全额退款，该公司在全国范围内的销售额暴跌，再也没有恢复。东芝几乎已经从中国市场上消失了。令人难以置信的是，该公司随后发表声明，声称其认为中国是“一个至关重要的市场”，并继续致力于在中国扩张。
In 2014, Nikon issued a new camera model, the D600, which was defective in its fundamental design and which the company was forced to scrap and replace with a new D610. In the US and Japan, Nikon immediately offered all customers a refund or free upgrade to the new model, but in China Nikon denied its product had a problem, with one factory shop blaming customers for carelessness in changing lenses. Chinese law stipulates a refund or replacement after two unsuccessful repair attempts, but Nikon refused even after five attempts, claiming its repairs did not really constitute ‘repairs’. In China, Nikon refused both refunds and upgrades, until CCTV got wind of the issue and featured Nikon in their annual Consumer Rights program. It was then the quality authorities took note of the matter, soon revealing that tens of thousands of customers shared the same problem. After ‘a few rounds of talks’ with officials, Nikon was ordered to remove the defective model from sale in China and to provide a free replacement. Online users expressed gratitude for CCTV’s intervention, stating “If Nikon insists on double standards for China and the US, it will be abandoned by Chinese users.” My information indicates Nikon, like Toshiba, has indeed been virtually abandoned by Chinese users. Nikon’s public response: “The company provides Chinese customers with high quality, standardized global service”.
2014年，尼康发布了一款新的相机型号D600，其基本设计存在缺陷，该公司被迫报废并更换为新的D610。在美国和日本，尼康立即向所有客户提供退款或免费升级新型号的服务，但在中国，尼康否认其产品存在问题，一家工厂商店指责客户更换镜片时粗心大意。中国法律规定，在两次维修失败后可以退款或更换，但尼康在五次尝试后仍拒绝，声称其维修并不真正构成“维修”。在中国，尼康拒绝退款和升级，直到中央电视台获悉此事，并在其年度消费者权益节目中介绍了尼康。就在那时，质量部门注意到了这件事，很快就发现成千上万的客户都有同样的问题。在与官员进行了“几轮会谈”后，尼康被责令停止在中国销售有缺陷的型号，并免费提供更换件。网络用户对CCTV的介入表示感谢，称“如果尼康坚持中美双重标准，它将被中国用户抛弃。”我的信息表明，尼康和东芝一样，实际上已经被中国用户放弃了。尼康的公开回应是：“公司为中国客户提供高质量、标准化的全球服务”。
A few years back, many digital camera and camcorder manufacturers experienced a crisis involving most digital camera models, camcorders and PDAs that suffered CCD (image sensor) failures, with cameras capturing either badly distorted images or no image at all. Since Sony was the CCD manufacturer for all other firms, it wasn’t a surprise that Sony had by far the greatest number of affected products. Commercial authorities in China discovered that 13 models of Sony cameras were more or less massively defective in terms of imaging quality and balance, white balance, automatic exposure and LCD screen brightness. In Western countries, Sony published advisory information on the defective models, with advice on how to obtain repairs or refunds, but media reports claimed that after the problems had been identified in the US and Europe, Sony quietly recalled those defective products and shipped them to China where they were on sale everywhere.
几年前，许多数码相机和便携式摄像机制造商经历了一场危机，涉及大多数数码相机型号、便携式摄像机和掌上电脑，它们都出现了CCD（图像传感器）故障，相机要么捕捉到严重失真的图像，要么根本没有图像。由于索尼是所有其他公司的CCD制造商，因此索尼的受影响产品数量最多也就不足为奇了。中国商务部门发现，13款索尼相机在成像质量和平衡、白平衡、自动曝光和LCD屏幕亮度方面或多或少存在严重缺陷。在西方国家，索尼发布了有关缺陷型号的咨询信息，并就如何获得维修或退款提供了建议，但媒体报道称，在美国和欧洲发现问题后，索尼悄悄召回了这些缺陷产品，并将其运往中国，在那里到处销售。
Many public complaints arose with Sony’s defective products in China, even more with the company’s refusal to deal properly with repair or replacement. For almost one year, Sony simply ignored the increasing complaints, the problem only reaching the public media when a Chinese news reporter finally put the pieces together in a story. At first Sony simply denied the existence of product flaws, then claimed the flaws related to only a few thousand out of millions sold in China, a claim quickly proved to be a lie. After a full year, Sony finally agreed to repair or replace the cameras, but they didn’t. Back into the media for another blast, after which Sony still defiantly refused to issue refunds but agreed to replace the defective cameras with new ones. But they didn’t. Customers discovered Sony were replacing defective products with reconditioned units from other countries. The Western media totally censored the matter, so no one outside China was aware of it. Incredibly, when news of the vast range of defects became public, and Chinese authorities attempted to contact the company to discuss the problems, they were refused admittance! A staff member said, “Before the announcement, we tried to contact the Sony branch, but were refused”. The government immediately made a public announcement, requesting all these models be removed from public sale.
索尼在中国的缺陷产品引发了许多公众投诉，更严重的是该公司拒绝妥善处理维修或更换事宜。在将近一年的时间里，索尼只是忽视了越来越多的投诉，直到一名中国新闻记者最终将这些片段拼凑成一篇报道时，这个问题才传到了公共媒体。起初，索尼只是简单地否认产品存在缺陷，然后声称这些缺陷只与在中国销售的数百万件产品中的几千件有关，这一说法很快被证明是谎言。整整一年后，索尼终于同意修理或更换这些相机，但他们没有。再次回到媒体上，索尼仍然公然拒绝退款，但同意用新相机更换有缺陷的相机。但他们没有。客户发现索尼正在用其他国家的翻新产品替换有缺陷的产品。西方媒体完全审查了这件事，所以中国以外的人都不知道。令人难以置信的是，当大量缺陷的消息公开，中国当局试图联系该公司讨论问题时，他们被拒绝了！一名工作人员表示，“在宣布之前，我们曾试图联系索尼分公司，但遭到拒绝”。政府立即发布公告，要求停止所有这些车型的公开销售。
Xinhua reported that following the announcement, Sony conducted a widespread campaign to squelch public awareness of its defective products, with many media and reporters receiving anonymous calls asking them not to make public the information. One editor reported, “We were asked not to report and promised a huge subscription to our newspaper. He (the anonymous caller) also said that all other newspapers had decided not to report it.” The callers also claimed the government’s commerce department had “adopted biased measures” in their investigation. After all this hit the media, reports were that Sony agreed to repair only two of the defective models, and at a substantial fee even though all products were covered by a full warranty. In other cases, where Sony was unable to repair a product in the first attempt, the company charged a substantial fee for a second attempt. Sony did pull its defective cameras from the market but at first defiantly refused to issue a recall. Chinese Customers also experienced problems with one of Sony’s laptops, with essentially the same service results.
新华社报道称，在宣布这一消息后，索尼开展了一场广泛的运动，以压制公众对其缺陷产品的认识，许多媒体和记者接到匿名电话，要求他们不要公开这些信息。一位编辑说：“我们被要求不要报道，并承诺订阅我们的报纸。他（匿名来电者）还说，所有其他报纸都决定不报道。”来电者还声称，政府商务部门在调查中“采取了有偏见的措施”。在这一切登上媒体后，有报道称索尼只同意修复其中两款有缺陷的机型，尽管所有产品都有全额保修，但仍需支付巨额费用。在其他情况下，索尼在第一次尝试时无法修复产品，该公司在第二次尝试时收取了巨额费用。索尼确实将其有缺陷的相机从市场上撤下，但起初公然拒绝召回。中国客户也遇到了索尼笔记本电脑的问题，服务结果基本相同。
Chinese consumers were naturally angry, claiming they purchased Sony products because they trusted big brands, but received only poor service and denials of problems. The immediate result was a 20% plunge in Sony’s total revenue, a loss of 100 billion Yen that year and more than 220 billion the following year, and a severe drop in its China sales. Sony blamed its troubles on a worldwide economic downturn, apparently unable to contemplate its own suicidal destruction of its brand and reputation partly by incompetent manufacturing but primarily from the company’s defiant contempt of its customers. As I discuss below, Japanese auto firms are sharing precisely these same experiences, including enormous loss of market share, all of Japanese manufacturing apparently determined to simultaneously commit hara-kiri.
中国消费者自然感到愤怒，声称他们购买索尼产品是因为他们信任大品牌，但得到的只是糟糕的服务和对问题的否认。直接的结果是索尼的总收入暴跌20%，当年亏损1000亿日元，次年亏损2200多亿日元，在中国的销售额也大幅下降。索尼将其困境归咎于全球经济衰退，显然无法考虑自己对品牌和声誉的自杀式破坏，部分原因是制造业的无能，但主要原因是该公司对客户的蔑视。正如我在下面讨论的那样，日本汽车公司正分享着同样的经历，包括巨大的市场份额损失，所有的日本制造业显然都决心同时实施自杀。
Samsung, a Korean company, did something similar with its exploding Series 7 mobile phones, quickly recalling millions of them in the US, Canada and Europe, but ignoring its products in China. At first, the company claimed the batteries for the Chinese market were sourced from a different manufacturer but, when phones began exploding in China as well, Samsung made the bizarre claim that the Chinese phones had been incinerated ‘externally’, suggesting the owners torched their own phones. It was due only to increasing problems and pressure from regulatory authorities that Samsung finally made a recall in China. The double standard is absolutely alive and well in China and, as you will read below, applies to most foreign consumer products, including clothing, electronics, make-up, and even automobiles, which are consistently recalled in Western countries for safety hazards, but seldom in China without media exposure or government pressure.
韩国三星（Samsung）对其爆炸性的7系列手机也做了类似的事情，迅速在美国、加拿大和欧洲召回了数百万部，但忽略了其在中国的产品。起初，该公司声称中国市场的电池来自另一家制造商，但当手机在中国也开始爆炸时，三星提出了一个奇怪的说法，即中国手机被“外部”焚烧，暗示用户烧毁了自己的手机。只是由于问题日益严重和监管部门的压力，三星最终在中国进行了召回。双重标准在中国绝对存在，正如你将在下面阅读的那样，它适用于大多数外国消费品，包括服装、电子产品、化妆品，甚至汽车，这些产品在西方国家一直因安全隐患而被召回，但在中国很少没有媒体曝光或政府压力。
And Worse
更糟糕的是
Many of the items listed above such as substandard clothing, dated fashions, defective consumer goods, are of course a nuisance and do constitute fraud. As well, many of these goods, including the medical waste discussed above, present varying degrees of danger to human health. Treating China as the world’s garbage bin has become almost an art form, but in some cases these product shipments cross the line to the point where they seriously endanger human life, are criminally reckless at best, and murderous at worst.
上面列出的许多物品，如不合标准的衣服、过时的时装、有缺陷的消费品，当然都是令人讨厌的，而且确实构成了欺诈。此外，包括上述医疗废物在内的许多此类物品对人类健康构成了不同程度的危险。将中国视为世界垃圾桶几乎已经成为一种艺术形式，但在某些情况下，这些产品运输越界，严重危及人类生命，往好里说是鲁莽犯罪，往坏里说是杀人。
For background, the industrial facilities of many countries, including most Western nations, purchase shipments of various categories of waste materials for recycling, normally limited to items like scrap iron and other metals, pop cans, PET bottles and other plastics, glass and waste paper. This is a legitimate commercial business of considerable scale, but some countries, notably the US, engage in what Chinese authorities call the “widescale smuggling of foreign garbage”, concealing in their shipments of legitimate recyclable materials large percentages of unusable and hazardous waste such as slag, used tires, scrap batteries and electronic waste, and a wide range of hazardous medical waste. In the first six months of one recent year, China discovered almost 200 cases involving immense tonnage of such smuggled toxic garbage. My information was that almost all of this originated in the US.
作为背景，包括大多数西方国家在内的许多国家的工业设施都会购买各种类型的废料进行回收，通常仅限于废铁和其他金属、易拉罐、PET瓶和其他塑料、玻璃和废纸等物品。这是一项规模可观的合法商业活动，但一些国家，尤其是美国，从事中国当局所称的“大规模外国垃圾走私”，在其合法可回收材料的运输中隐瞒了大量无法使用的危险废物，如矿渣、废旧轮胎、废电池和电子垃圾，以及范围广泛的危险医疗废物。最近一年的前六个月，中国发现了近200起此类走私有毒垃圾案件。我的信息是，几乎所有这些都起源于美国。
The Japanese attempt such practices as well, though with more lethal materials. Soon after Japan’s 2011 Fukushima reactor meltdown, Chinese customs officials were repeatedly intercepting “scrap metal” shipments from Japan, each of which contained 10,000 tonnes or more of highly radioactive refuse from Fukushima. The reactor meltdown contaminated large numbers of automobiles and various categories of steel products totaling more than 4 million tons and, rather than deal with this problem domestically, Japan slips portions of this lethal material into waste shipments to other countries, especially to China, though Italy has also intercepted containers of scrap from Japan that were highly radioactive. It is not possible to claim these firms were unaware of what they were shipping to China, and of course metal recycling and re-melting plants are not equipped to test scrap metal for radioactivity. Direct exposure to such highly radioactive material, even if brief, can be almost immediately fatal or lead to life-threatening illness later. There is no way to know whether, or how much, radioactive waste slipped through customs channels undetected, but the mere fact of shipping them is indicative of an inhuman callousness, to say nothing of abject racism.
日本人也尝试这种做法，尽管使用了更致命的材料。2011年日本福岛核反应堆熔毁后不久，中国海关官员多次拦截来自日本的“废金属”货物，每批货物中都含有1万吨或更多来自福岛的高放射性垃圾。反应堆熔毁污染了大量汽车和各类钢铁产品，总计超过400万吨。日本没有在国内解决这个问题，而是将部分这种致命材料放入运往其他国家，特别是中国的废物中，尽管意大利也截获了来自日本的高放射性废料集装箱。不可能声称这些公司不知道他们运往中国的是什么，当然，金属回收和再熔化厂也没有能力测试废金属的放射性。直接接触这种高放射性物质，即使是短暂的，也可能立即致命或导致危及生命的疾病。没有办法知道放射性废物是否或有多少在未被发现的情况下通过海关通道，但仅仅运送这些废物的事实就表明了一种不人道的冷酷无情，更不用说卑鄙的种族主义了。
Most readers will recall the flood of media stories a few years ago of ocean pirates in small boats venturing into the seas near Somalia to hijack commercial ships for ransom. One part of that story that somehow escaped the Western media is that those pirates were converted fishermen, and that the main reason they were no longer fishermen was that the seas bordering Somalia were heavily contaminated with nuclear radiation and that fish were either non-existent or dangerously inedible. The reason, and the reason for the vengeful piracy, was that the US government, looking for a safe place to store tens of thousands of barrels of highly toxic nuclear waste, discovered a convenient depository in the ocean bordering Somalia where the Americans dumped all those barrels, many of which were old and leaking and many of which broke open on reaching the ocean floor, thereby contaminating everything including the fish. The piracy was largely payback, and Somalia isn’t the only place in the world’s oceans where the Americans have dumped toxic and lethal nuclear and chemical waste. One more reason countries like China, Russia, Korea, don’t want American ships anywhere near their ocean borders. It doesn’t help to know that the waste is dumped in “international waters” when those waters are only 12 miles from your shore.
大多数读者都会想起几年前媒体铺天盖地的报道，海盗乘坐小船闯入索马里附近海域劫持商船勒索赎金。西方媒体不知怎的忽略了这个故事的一部分，那就是这些海盗都是渔民，他们不再是渔民的主要原因是与索马里接壤的海域受到核辐射的严重污染，鱼类要么不存在，要么危险地无法食用。原因，也是报复性海盗的原因，是美国政府为了寻找一个安全的地方来储存数万桶剧毒核废料，在与索马里接壤的海洋中发现了一个方便的存放处，美国人在那里倾倒了所有这些桶，其中许多是旧的，正在泄漏，许多桶在到达海底时破裂，从而污染包括鱼在内的一切。海盗行为在很大程度上是报复，索马里并不是世界海洋中唯一一个美国人倾倒有毒致命核废料和化学废料的地方。中国、俄罗斯、韩国等国不希望美国船只靠近其海洋边界的另一个原因。当这些水域距离你的海岸只有12英里时，知道这些废物被倾倒在“国际水域”是没有帮助的。
The Americans’ usual method is to load an old and useless ship right to the gunwales with nuclear (or chemical) waste, sail the ship to a predetermined location, and scuttle it. Though this kind of information never passes the media censors in the US, the American military have done this so often they even have a name for it – Operation CHASE [1] – the name being Pentagon shorthand for “Cut Holes and Sink ‘Em.” In many locations around the world, the US has sunk ships, either by opening shuttlecocks to permit seawater to enter, or by detonating explosives, these vessels containing everything from thousands of tons of nerve gas or mustard gas, surplus or defective mines and bombs, radioactive waste and, on occasion, biological pathogens. In most every case, nobody knows, and those who do know would lose their lives if they spoke of it. If America ever needed another public Congressional hearing, it would be to reveal all the locations of these disposals and, in many cases, the payment of immense compensation to other nations. Public records alone reveal the US military sank at least 100,000 tons of munitions and chemical warfare weapons in various sections of both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans; almost certainly there were more that did not make the public record. As well, this program may have been a cover for illegal underwater nuclear detonations that were banned by treaty at the time. In one case, the USS Village [2], supposedly containing a typical load of about 8,000 tons of munitions, was towed out into the Atlantic and sunk. However, shortly after sinking, three massive detonations occurred that registered on seismic equipment all over the world, explosions far too large to have resulted from the stated content of conventional explosives.
美国人通常的方法是将一艘老旧无用的船只装载核废料（或化学废料），将其运到预定的地点，然后凿沉。尽管这种信息从未通过美国媒体的审查，美国军方经常这样做，他们甚至有一个名字——“CHASE行动”[1]，这个名字是五角大楼对“凿洞并击沉Em”的缩写。在世界各地的许多地方，美国击沉了船只，要么打开羽毛球让海水进入，要么引爆炸药，这些船只含有数千吨神经毒气或芥子气，过剩或有缺陷的地雷和炸弹、放射性废物，有时还有生物病原体。在大多数情况下，没有人知道，那些知道的人如果说出这件事，就会失去生命。如果美国需要另一次国会公开听证会，那就是披露这些处置的所有地点，在许多情况下，还需要向其他国家支付巨额赔偿。仅公开记录就显示，美国军方在大西洋和太平洋的各个海域沉没了至少10万吨弹药和化学战武器；几乎可以肯定的是，还有更多的事情没有公开记录。同样，这个项目可能是当时条约禁止的非法水下核爆炸的掩护。在一个案例中，USS Village[2]被拖到大西洋并沉没，据称该船通常装载约8000吨弹药。然而，在沉没后不久，发生了三次大规模爆炸，世界各地的地震设备都记录了这三次爆炸，爆炸规模太大，不可能是由所述的常规炸药含量引起的。
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Mr. Romanoff’s writing has been translated into 32 languages and his articles posted on more than 150 foreign-language news and politics websites in more than 30 countries, as well as more than 100 English language platforms. Larry Romanoff is a retired management consultant and businessman. He has held senior executive positions in international consulting firms, and owned an international import-export business. He has been a visiting professor at Shanghai’s Fudan University, presenting case studies in international affairs to senior EMBA classes. Mr. Romanoff lives in Shanghai and is currently writing a series of ten books generally related to China and the West. He is one of the contributing authors to Cynthia McKinney’s new anthology ‘When China Sneezes’. (Chapt. 2 — Dealing with Demons).
罗曼诺夫的作品已被翻译成32种语言，他的文章发表在30多个国家的150多个外语新闻和政治网站以及100多个英语平台上。拉里·罗曼诺夫是一位退休的管理顾问和商人。他曾在国际咨询公司担任高级管理职务，并拥有一家国际进出口公司。他曾是上海复旦大学的客座教授，为EMBA高级课程讲授国际事务案例研究。罗曼诺夫先生住在上海，目前正在写一系列与中国和西方有关的十本书。他是辛西娅·麦金尼新选集《当中国打喷嚏》的特约作者之一。（第二章——对付魔鬼）。
His full archive can be seen at
他的完整文章库可以在以下看到
https://www.moonofshanghai.com/ and https://www.bluemoonofshanghai.com/
He can be contacted at:
他的联系方式：
2186604556@qq.com
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Notes
注释
[1] OPERATION CHASE- [1] 操作追逐-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_CHASE
[2] CHASE 2– [2] 追逐2–https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_CHASE#CHASE_2
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